2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation |
Basis of Presentation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CV Sciences, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries US Hemp Oil, LLC, CannaVest Laboratories, LLC, Plus CBD, LLC. and CANNAVEST Acquisition, LLC; and the accounts of a 70% interest in CannaVest Europe, GmbH (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company commenced commercial operations on January 29, 2013. |
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| Liquidity |
Liquidity – For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had net losses of $12,233,128 and $1,311,951, respectively. In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had negative cash flows from operations of $4,208,267 and $6,711,999, respectively. Management believes the Company has the funds needed to continue its consumer product business segment and meet its other obligations over the next year solely from current revenues and cash flow due to increased sales and because our current inventory levels are sufficient to support sales for 2016, resulting in reduced cash outflow for inventory purchases. In addition, we do not intend to purchase raw inventory from our supply chain arrangements from the 2016 crop. The Company’s pharmaceutical business segment will require additional capital of approximately $1,500,000 over the next 12 months. We currently have an executed term sheet on a financing arrangement that would provide this capital. Management believes that it will be able to obtain such financing on terms acceptable to the Company, however, there can be no assurances that the Company will be successful. If the Company is unable to raise additional capital, the Company would likely be forced to curtail pharmaceutical development. |
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| Business Combinations |
Business Combinations - We apply the provisions of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), in the accounting for our acquisitions including without limitation the CanX Acquisition. ASC 805 establishes principles and requirements for recognizing and measuring the total consideration transferred to and the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interests in the acquired target in an asset purchase. ASC 805 requires us to recognize separately from goodwill the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the acquisition date fair values. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While we use our best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as contingent consideration, where applicable, our estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, we record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to our consolidated statements of operations.
Accounting for business combinations requires our management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, including our estimates for intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed, pre-acquisition contingencies and contingent consideration, where applicable. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made in the past have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based in part on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain.
Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include but are not limited to:
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets – The Company evaluates the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets annually during the fourth quarter in accordance with ASC 350 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other and between annual evaluations if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in business climate, (2) unanticipated competition, or (3) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. When evaluating whether goodwill is impaired, the Company compares the fair value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated using a combination of the income, or discounted cash flows, approach and the market approach, which utilizes comparable companies’ data. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the amount of the impairment loss must be measured. The impairment loss would be calculated by comparing the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill to its carrying amount. In calculating the implied fair value of reporting unit goodwill, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the other assets and liabilities of that unit based on their fair values. The excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the amount assigned to its other assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill.
We make critical assumptions and estimates in completing impairment assessments of goodwill and other intangible assets. Our cash flow projections look several years into the future and include assumptions on variables such as future sales and operating margin growth rates, economic conditions, market competition, inflation and discount rates.
We classify intangible assets into three categories: (1) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization, (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization, and (3) goodwill. We determine the useful lives of our identifiable intangible assets after considering the specific facts and circumstances related to each intangible asset. Factors we consider when determining useful lives include the contractual term of any agreement related to the asset, the historical performance of the asset, our long-term strategy for using the asset, any laws or regulations which could impact the useful life of the asset and other economic factors, including competition and specific market conditions. Intangible assets that are deemed to have definite lives are amortized, primarily on a straight-line basis, over their useful lives, generally five years. IPR&D has an indefinite life and is not amortized until completion and development of the project, at which time the IPR&D becomes an amortizable asset. If the related project is not completed in a timely manner or the project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have an impairment related to the IPR&D, calculated as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. The intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized on a straight line basis over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. This method of amortization approximates the expected future cash flow generated from their use. During the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, there were no impairments. |
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| Use of Estimates |
Use of Estimates - The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to contingencies, on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Significant estimates include the valuation of intangible assets, the amortization lives of intangible assets, valuation of contingent consideration, inputs for valuing notes payable beneficial conversion features and stock-based compensation, and the allowance for doubtful accounts. It is at least reasonably possible that a change in the estimates will occur in the near term. |
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| Reportable Segment |
Reportable Segment – With the recent CanX Acquisition, the Company has two business segments. Our consumer products segment develops, manufactures and markets products based on plant-based CBD, including under the name PlusCBD™ in a variety of market sectors including nutraceutical, beauty care, specialty foods and vape. Our drug development segment is newly established to develop a variety of drug candidates which use synthetic CBD as a primary active ingredient. |
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and Cash Equivalents - For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers amounts held by financial institutions and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. At each of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had no cash equivalents. |
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| Concentrations of Credit Risk |
Concentrations of Credit Risk - As of December 31, 2015, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) provided insurance coverage of up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe that the Company is exposed to significant risks from excess deposits. The Company’s cash balance in excess of FDIC limits totaled $154,431 at December 31, 2015.
At December 31, 2015, the Company had three notes receivable totaling $617,681, two of which are from sale of inventory to MediJane Holdings and Medical Marijuana, Inc. (“MJNA”), and the third note is from a litigation settlement with MJNA (Note 3). Two customers represented 83% of our accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2015. Sales from two customers accounted for 30% of total sales for the year ended December 31, 2015 (Note 10).
At December 31, 2014, the Company has a $1,200,000 note receivable related to a single customer, MediJane Holdings, Inc. In addition, one customer represented 62% of our accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2014. Sales from two customers accounted for 65% of total sales for the year ended December 31, 2014 (Note 10). |
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| Accounts Receivable |
Accounts Receivable – Generally, the Company requires payment prior to shipment. However, in certain circumstances, the Company grants credit to companies located throughout the U.S. Accounts receivable consists of trade accounts arising in the normal course of business. Accounts receivable for large accounts are generally secured. Smaller accounts receivable, generally less than $10,000, are unsecured and no interest is charged on past due accounts. Accounts for which no payments have been received after 30 days are considered delinquent and customary collection efforts are initiated. Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less a reserve made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a quarterly basis.
Management has determined the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition and credit history, and current economic conditions. As of each December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts related to accounts receivable in the amount of $100,000. |
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| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition - The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition which requires persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery of a product or service, a fixed or determinable price and assurance of collection within a reasonable period of time. The Company records revenue when goods are delivered to customers and the rights of ownership have transferred from the Company to the customer. |
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| Sales Tax |
Sales Tax – The Company is responsible for collecting tax on sales to end customers and remitting these taxes to applicable jurisdictions. These taxes are assessed based on the location of the end customer and the laws of the jurisdiction in which they reside. |
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| Shipping and Handling |
Shipping and Handling – Shipping and handling costs totaled $377,316 and $57,885 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. |
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| Returns |
Returns - Finished Products - Within ten (10) days of customer’s receipt of Company’s finished products, customers may return (i) finished products that do not conform to Company’s product specifications or (ii), finished products which are defective, provided that notice of condition is given within five (5) days of receiving the finished products. The failure to comply with the foregoing time requirements shall be deemed a waiver of customer’s claim for incorrect or defective shipments. In the event of the existence of one or more material defects in any finished product upon delivery to customer, the Company shall, at its sole option and cost, either (a) take such measures as are required to cure the defect(s) designated in the notice, or (b) replace such defective finished product(s). The Company may, at its sole option, require the return or destruction of the defective finished products. Customer shall afford the Company the opportunity to verify that such defects existed prior to shipment and were not, for purposes of example and not limitation, the result of improper transport, handling, storage, product rotation or misuse by customer.
Bulk Oil Products – Sales of bulk oil products are generally final, and beginning in 2015 the Company does not accept returns under any circumstances.
There is no allowance for customer returns at December 31, 2015 or 2014 due to insignificant return amounts experienced during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. |
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| Compensation and Benefits |
Compensation and Benefits - The Company records compensation and benefits expense for all cash and deferred compensation, benefits, and related taxes as earned by its employees. Compensation and benefits expense also includes compensation earned by temporary employees and contractors who perform similar services to those performed by the Company’s employees, primarily information technology and project management activities. |
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| Stock Based Compensation |
Stock-Based Compensation - Certain employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company participate in various long-term incentive plans that provide for granting stock options and restricted stock awards. Stock options generally vest in equal increments over a two- to four-year period and expire on the tenth anniversary following the date of grant. Restricted stock awards generally vest 100% at the grant date.
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation for equity awards granted to employees, officers, and directors as compensation and benefits expense on the consolidated statements of operation. The fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock awards is equal to the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service period of the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting period.
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation for equity awards granted to consultants as selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model on the date of grant and unvested awards are revalued at each reporting period. The fair value of restricted stock awards is equal to the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant multiplied by the number of shares awarded. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service period of the individual awards, which generally equals the vesting period. |
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| Inventory |
Inventory - Inventory is stated at lower of cost or market, with cost being determined on average cost basis. There was no reserve for obsolete inventory as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Amounts paid to suppliers in advance for inventory is classified as prepaid inventory. Once the Company has assumed ownership, the cost of prepaid inventory is reclassified to inventory. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $7,812,530 of inventory in Germany and The Netherlands. |
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| Property and Equipment |
Property & Equipment - Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Tenant improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the related lease. Maintenance or repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the historically-recorded asset cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the net amount less proceeds from disposal is charged or credited to other income (expense).
Property and equipment, net, at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $190,335 and $112,100, respectively. |
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - In accordance with ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, the Company calculates the fair value of its assets and liabilities which qualify as financial instruments and includes this additional information in the notes to its financial statements when the fair value is different than the carrying value of those financial instruments. The estimated fair value of the Company’s current assets and current liabilities approximates their carrying amount due to their readily available nature and short maturity. |
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| Long-Lived Assets |
Long-Lived Assets - In accordance with ASC Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, the Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of property and equipment is measured by comparing its carrying value to the undiscounted projected future cash flows that the asset(s) are expected to generate. If the carrying amount of an asset is not recoverable, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset over its respective fair value, which is generally determined as the present value of estimated future cash flows or at the appraised value. The impairment analysis is based on significant assumptions of future results made by management, including revenue and cash flow projections. Circumstances that may lead to impairment of property and equipment include a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition and a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. |
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| Debt Issuance Costs |
Debt Issuance Costs – Debt issuance costs have been capitalized as a discount to secured convertible promissory notes payable and are being amortized to interest expense using the interest method over the expected terms of the related debt agreements. |
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| Loss per Share |
Loss per Share - The Company calculates earning or loss per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share, which requires the computation and disclosure of two EPS amounts, basic and diluted. Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus all potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The Company had 9,799,036 and 6,470,000 of stock options outstanding that are anti-dilutive at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. In addition, during the first quarter of 2016, the Company issued 5,562,535 shares of common stock in connection with conversion of convertible debt. Also, during the first quarter of 2016, the Company issued 500,000 shares of common stock in connection with investment banking services. A total of 6,062,535 shares of dilutive common stock were issued during the first quarter of 2016.
The Company may also be required to issue up to 19,500,000 shares of common stock related to contingent consideration from the CanX Acquisition. All shares of common stock issued under the CanX Acquisition will be dilutive (Note 6).
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| Research & Development Expense |
Research and Development Expense - Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include, but are not limited to, employee salaries and benefits, cost of inventory used in product development, consulting service fees, the cost of renting and maintaining our laboratory facility and depreciation of laboratory equipment. |
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes - Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the related temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized when the rate change is enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the Company recognizes the effect of uncertain income tax positions only if the positions are more likely than not of being sustained in an audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized uncertain income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which those changes in judgment occur. The Company recognizes both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 the Company did not have a liability for unrecognized tax uncertainties. The Company is subject to routine audits by taxing jurisdictions. Management believes the Company is no longer subject to tax examinations for the years prior to 2011. |
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| Recent Issued and Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Issued and Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which completes the joint effort by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for GAAP and the International Financial Reporting Standards. ASU 2014-09 will become effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2017 and early adoption is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance requiring management to evaluate on a regular basis whether any conditions or events have arisen that could raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The guidance (1) provides a definition for the term “substantial doubt,” (2) requires an evaluation every reporting period, interim periods included, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans to alleviate the substantial doubt, (4) requires certain disclosures if the substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement, as well as other disclosures, if the substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) requires an assessment period of one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The standard is effective for the Company’s reporting year beginning January 1, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest – Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”), which requires companies to present debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the related debt liability. ASU 2015-03 will be effective for fiscal years starting after December 15, 2015, including any interim periods within those years, however, early implementation is permitted. The Company has implemented this standard for the year ended December 31, 2015.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which requires inventory measured using any method other than last-in, first out or the retail inventory method to be subsequently measured at the lower of cost of net realizable value, rather than at the lower of cost or market. ASU 2015-11 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and for interim periods within such annual period. Early application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (“ASU 2015-16”), which simplifies the accounting for measurement-period adjustments by eliminating the requirement to restate prior period financial statements for measurement period adjustments. The new guidance requires the cumulative impact of measurement period adjustments, including the impact on prior periods, to be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment is identified. ASU 2015-16 is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for any interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which, for operating leases, requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in its balance sheet. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, on a generally straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASU 2016-09”), which involve multiple aspects of the accounting for share-based transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not, or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements. |
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