Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

Income Taxes

v3.25.1
Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
15.
INCOME TAXES

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, pretax income (loss) was attributable to the following jurisdictions (in thousands):

 

 

For the years ended December 31,

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Domestic operations

 

$

(2,141

)

 

$

3,114

 

Foreign operations

 

 

(261

)

 

 

(18

)

Total

 

$

(2,402

)

 

$

3,096

 

 

The income tax benefit for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was comprised of the following (in thousands):

 

 

For the years ended December 31,

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

 

 

$

 

State

 

 

7

 

 

 

8

 

Foreign

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total current tax expense

 

 

7

 

 

 

8

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

4

 

 

 

(11

)

State

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign

 

 

(19

)

 

 

(3

)

Total deferred tax benefit

 

 

(15

)

 

 

(14

)

Income tax benefit

 

$

(8

)

 

$

(6

)

 

A reconciliation of the expected income tax benefit at the federal statutory rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the income tax benefit reported in the consolidated financial statements is as follows:

 

 

For the years ended December 31,

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of pretax
income (loss)

 

 

Amount

 

 

% of pretax
income (loss)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

Income tax expense (benefit) at federal statutory rate

 

$

(505

)

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

651

 

 

 

21.0

%

State taxes, net of federal effect

 

 

(141

)

 

 

5.8

%

 

 

182

 

 

 

5.9

 

Other permanent differences

 

 

(19

)

 

 

0.8

%

 

 

33

 

 

 

1.1

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

4,047

 

 

 

(168.4

)%

 

 

420

 

 

 

13.5

 

NOL adjustments and other true-ups

 

 

(22

)

 

 

0.9

%

 

 

(640

)

 

 

(20.6

)

Other

 

 

24

 

 

 

(1.0

)%

 

 

8

 

 

 

0.2

 

Decrease in valuation allowance

 

 

(3,392

)

 

 

141.2

%

 

 

(660

)

 

 

(21.3

)

Income tax benefit

 

$

(8

)

 

 

0.3

%

 

$

(6

)

 

 

(0.2

)%

 

The following table summarizes the significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

 

 

December 31,

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

$

11,337

 

 

$

10,804

 

Business credit carryforwards

 

 

930

 

 

 

939

 

Intangible assets

 

 

281

 

 

 

413

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

101

 

 

 

4,075

 

Change to inventory

 

 

47

 

 

 

52

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

16

 

 

 

51

 

Accruals and reserves

 

 

656

 

 

 

565

 

Other

 

 

301

 

 

 

247

 

 

 

13,669

 

 

 

17,146

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating lease assets

 

 

(14

)

 

 

(45

)

Property and equipment

 

 

(28

)

 

 

(97

)

 

 

(42

)

 

 

(142

)

Valuation allowance

 

 

(13,631

)

 

 

(17,023

)

Net deferred tax liabilities

 

$

(4

)

 

$

(19

)

 

The valuation allowance decreased by $3.4 million and $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are provided for significant revenue and expense items recognized in different years for tax and financial reporting purposes. The Company periodically assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. The Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible profits. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company established valuation allowances equal to the full amount of its deferred tax assets, net of certain tax liabilities, due to the uncertainties regarding the realization of the deferred tax assets in future years.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal, California, and other state net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of $41.8 million, $28.9 million, and $8.3 million, respectively, which are available to offset future taxable income. Federal NOL carryforwards arising after 2017 of $34.5 million do not expire. Federal NOL carryforwards arising before 2018 of $7.2 million expire from 2036 to 2037. California NOL carryforwards of $28.9 million expire from 2036 to 2043. Other state NOL carryforwards of $8.3 million have various expirations from 2036 to 2043.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal and California R&D credit carryforwards of approximately $0.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which are available to offset future taxable income. Federal R&D credit carryforwards expire from 2036 to 2041. California R&D credit carryforwards do not expire.

The NOL carryforward may be subject to an annual limitation under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), and similar state provisions if the Company experienced one or more ownership changes, which would limit the amount of NOL and tax credit carryforwards that can be utilized to offset future taxable income and tax, respectively. In general, an ownership change, as defined by Section 382 and 383, results from the transactions increasing ownership of certain stockholders or public groups in the stock of the corporation of more than 50% over a three-year period. The Company completed a Section 382 and 383 analysis regarding the limitation of NOL and credit carryforwards from inception in December 2010 through November 4, 2019. The Company experienced multiple ownership changes for the purposes of Section 382 and 383 of the Code with the latest change in April 2017. The ownership changes did not result in the forfeiture of any NOLs or credits generated prior to this date. If a change in ownership occurs in the future, the NOL and tax credits carryforwards could be eliminated or restricted.

The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the

technical merits, and uncertain income tax positions must meet a more likely than not recognition threshold to be recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the statements of operations.

The Company does not anticipate a significant change in its uncertain tax benefits over the next 12 months. The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and California state jurisdictions. Due to net operating losses all tax years since inception remain open to examination.

A reconciliation of the Company's unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is provided in the following table (in thousands):

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Balance as of January 1:

 

$

170

 

 

$

172

 

Increase in current year positions

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase in prior year positions

 

 

 

 

 

 

Decrease in prior year positions

 

 

(2

)

 

 

(2

)

Balance as of December 31:

 

$

168

 

 

$

170